Biochemistry


Faculty List

Leadership

Chair of the Department
L. Harrington, BSc, MSc, PhD

Associate Chair, Undergraduate Coordinator
S. Patterson, BSc, PhD

Associate Chair, Graduate Coordinator
T.F. Moraes, BSc, MSc, PhD

Associate Chair, Research
L. Attisano, BSc, PhD

Professors
K. Adeli, BSc, MSc, PhD
D.W. Andrews, BSc, PhD
S. Angers, BSc, PhD
L. Attisano, BSc, PhD
C.E. Bear, MSc, PhD
G.W. Brown, BSc, PhD
A. Chakrabartty, BSc, PhD
H.S. Chan, BSc, PhD
A.R. Davidson, BSc, PhD
A.W. Ensminger, BSc, PhD
O.P. Ernst, Dipl-Chem, Dr rer nat
J. Forman-Kay, BSc, PhD
S. Grinstein, BSc, PhD, FRSC
L. Harrington, BSc, MSc, PhD
W. Houry, BSc, PhD
P.L. Howell, BSc, PhD
W. Kahr, MD, PhD, FRCPC
A. Kapus, MD, PhD
L. Kay, BSc, PhD, FRSC, FRS
F.W. Keeley, BSc, PhD
S.O. Kelley, BA, PhD
P.K. Kim, BSc, PhD
W. Lee, MD, PhD
K. Maxwell, BSc, PhD
J.T. Maynes, BSc, MD, PhD
T.F. Moraes, BSc, MSc, PhD
A. Muise, BSc, MD, PhD
J.R. Nodwell, BSc, PhD
M. Ohh, PhD, PDF
A.F. Palazzo, BSc, PhD
J. Parkinson, BSc, PhD
G. Privé, BSc, PhD
S. Prosser, BSc, MSc, D Phil
M.L. Rand, BSc, PhD
J. Rini, BSc, PhD
D. Rotin, BSc, PhD
J. Rubinstein, BSc, PhD
A. Schulze, MD, PhD
C.J. Schuurmans, BSc, MSc, PhD
R. Screaton, BSc, PhD
F. Sicheri, BSc, PhD, FRSC
I. Stagljar, BSc Dipl-Mol Biol, PhD
C.M. Yip, BASc, PhD

Professor, Teaching Stream
S. Andreopoulos, BSc, MSc, PhD

Associate Professors
J-P Julien, BSc, PhD
M. Lemaire, MD, PhD
A. McQuibban, BSc, MSc, PhD
R.A. Melnyk, BSc, PhD
R. Pomès, B Eng, PhD
S. Sharpe, BSc, PhD
C.A. Smibert, BSc, PhD
J. Watts, BSc, PhD
A.R. Wilde, BSc, PhD
H. Wyatt, BSc, PhD

Associate Professors, Teaching Stream
A. Khan-Trottier, BSc, PhD
S. Patterson, BSc, PhD
N. Lee, BSc, MSc, PhD

Assistant Professors
J. Ditlev, BSc, PhD
S.A. Freeman, BSc, PhD
H. Lee, BSc, PhD
M. Norris, BSc, MSc, PhD
A.Saric, BSc, PhD
A.N. Sawh, HBSc, PhD

Assistant Professors, Teaching Stream
J. De Melo, BSc, PhD

Emeriti
R.R. Baker, BSc, PhD
A. Bennick, M Sc D, PhD
N. Camerman, BSc, PhD
D.M. Clarke, BSc, PhD
C.M. Deber, BSc, PhD, FRSC
J.R. Glover, BSc, PhD
J.W. Gurd, BA, PhD
C.J. Ingles, BSc, PhD
D.E. Isenman, BSc, PhD
A.O. Jorgensen, PhD
V.K. Kalnins, MSc, PhD
A. Klip, MSc, PhD, FRSC
H.G. Lawford, BSc, PhD
P.N. Lewis, BSc, PhD
A. Marks, MD, PhD
L.A. Moran, BSc, PhD
E.F. Pai, Dipl-Chem, Dr rer nat
R.H. Painter, BSc, PhD (T)
D.E. Pulleyblank, BSc, PhD
R.A.F. Reithmeier, BSc, PhD
J.M. Segall, BSc, PhD
C.H. Siu, BA, PhD
B. Steipe, MD, PhD
D.O. Tinker, BSc, PhD W. Trimble, BSc, PhD, FRSC
D.B. Williams, MSc, PhD
G.R. Williams, BSc, PhD, D Sc (S), FRSC

Introduction

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that make life possible. It focuses on understanding living organisms at the molecular level, exploring how molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids are built, their roles, and how they interact, contributing to human health. By learning how a molecule's structure relates to its function, biochemistry helps explain how cells grow, communicate, and respond to their environment.

The field of biochemistry grew from applying chemical tools and ideas to biological questions, playing a central role in biology, medicine, and biotechnology. As an interdisciplinary science, biochemistry brings together concepts from both chemistry and biology, while also connecting to areas such as genetics, physiology, human biology and health sciences.

Because of its broad scope, biochemistry covers many exciting and rapidly changing areas of study. The undergraduate program will provide you with a strong scientific foundation while learning skills that are valuable for careers in health care, research, industry, and graduate or professional programs.

Some of the most exciting areas of modern biochemistry include:

  • Protein Structure and Dynamics
  • Cell Biology and Microbiology
  • Structural Biology
  • Enzyme Mechanisms
  • Signal Transduction and Regulation
  • Biotechnology
  • Genome Organization and Integrity
  • Gene Expression and Development
  • Molecular Medicine and Drug Discovery
  • Proteomics and Bioinformatics
  • Membranes and Transport Mechanisms

The Biochemistry Specialist Program provides in depth training in the theory and hands on practice of biochemistry, with a strong focus on problem solving and molecular level thinking. Students develop critical thinking skills and learn how to evaluate scientific research. This program is ideal for students interested in graduate studies or research careers in biochemistry or related life sciences.

The Biochemistry Major Program gives students a strong foundation in biochemistry while allowing them to combine it with another major. This second major may be in the life sciences, basic sciences, or even the arts. Popular combinations can prepare students for careers in areas such as biotechnology, science communication, business, or health related fields. Students who perform well in the Major Program may also choose to apply to enter the Specialist Program in third year.

Graduates of both programs are prepared for a wide range of careers, including research, education, industry, and health sciences. Both programs will allow students to develop skills in biochemistry, such as data analysis, logical thinking, and problem solving, which are also valuable in fields like marketing, finance, and law. The Specialist Program is the clearest path to obtaining research experience for graduate studies and other post-graduate programs or careers in life science.

Students considering choosing either the BCH Specialist or BCH Major program are encouraged to attend program information sessions held throughout the academic year. Please note that the Specialist program is the clearest path to graduate studies in Biochemistry and to careers in research.


Contact Information

Website: https://biochemistry.utoronto.ca/undergraduate-programs-2

Undergraduate Office

Email: biochemistry.undergrad@utoronto.ca
Phone: 416-978-2700

Office Location:
Temerty Faculty of Medicine
1 King’s College Circle, Rm 5207
Toronto, ON   M5S 1A8
Canada


Note About Program Completion

Students can complete only one program type – Specialist, Major, or Minor – in an individual area referenced with the same four-digit program code.

The Biochemistry programs impacted by this policy: ASSPE1762 and ASMAJ1762

Biochemistry Programs

Biochemistry Specialist (Science Program) - ASSPE1762

Enrolment Requirements:

This is a limited enrolment program. Students must have completed a minimum of 4.0 credits and meet the requirements listed below to apply for enrolment.

Variable Minimum Grade Average
A minimum grade average is required for admission and this average varies each year based on the number of applicants and available spaces. The following courses or their equivalents must be completed:

To support student success, applicants with a final grade below 70%, or an average below 75% in the required courses, will not be considered for admission. Please note that meeting the minimum final grade or average does not guarantee admission to the program. The competitiveness of grades vary each year and while it is difficult to predict, based on previous years the competitive course marks and averages are typically in the mid 80s. The numeric final mark in each of the required courses may also be used by to determine eligibility for admission into the program.

Applicants who do not have numerical grades in one or more of the specified prerequisites, or are applying in their second or later years, may be considered based on their entire academic record and the availability of space in the program. In addition to applying through ACORN, students applying in their second year or later are asked to please contact the department directly at biochemistry.undergrad@utoronto.ca, specify which program you would like to be considered for, and provide your student number.

Please note, the Biochemistry Specialist cannot be combined with:

  • Immunology Major
  • Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Major

Completion Requirements:

(14.0 credits, including at least 2.5 credits at the 400-level)

First Year:

  1. BIO120H1, BIO130H1
  2. ( CHM135H1, CHM136H1)/ CHM151Y1
  3. ( MAT130H1/​ MAT135H1, MAT136H1)/ ( MAT148H1, MAT149H1/​ MAT137Y1)/ ( MAT158H1, MAT159H1/​ MAT157Y1) 

First or Second Year:
( PHY131H1, PHY132H1)/ ( PHY151H1, PHY152H1)
[ PHY131H1, PHY132H1 recommended]


Second Year:

  1. BCH242Y1
  2. MGY280H1
  3. BIO230H1/​ BIO255H1
  4. STA220H1/​ STA288H1
  5. CHM247H1/​ CHM249H1
  6. BIO260H1/​ HMB265H1 (See NOTE 1)

Third Year:

  1. BCH340H1, BCH377H1
  2. MGY311Y1

Third or Fourth year:

  1. One course from the following list: JPM300H1/​ BCH479H1/​ BCH372Y1/​ BCH374Y1/​ BCH472Y1/​ BCH473Y1 (see NOTE 2).

Fourth Year:

  1. BCH478H1
  2. Two courses from the BCH 400-series lecture courses: BCH422H1, BCH425H1, BCH426H1, BCH428H1, BCH440H1, BCH444H1, BCH445H1, BCH446H1, BCH448H1, BCH449H1, BCH450H1
  3. An additional 1.0 credit at the 4th year level from the following list: any other BCH 400-series course including the 4th year BCH research project courses (see NOTE 2), BCB420H1, CHM447H1, MGY420H1, MGY425H1, MGY428H1, MGY441H1, MGY450H1, MGY470H1
  4. To bring the program total to 14.0 credits, students may select from the following list: BIO220H1/​ CHM217H1/​ CHM220H1 (See NOTE 3)/ CHM223H1/​ one of CSC108H1 or CSC148H1/​ ( MAT235H1, MAT236H1)/ MAT235Y1/​ MAT237Y1/​ STA221H1/​ any suitable 300-level lecture-based course from CHM/ CSB/ EEB/ HMB/ IMM/ LMP/ MGY/ PCL/ PSL (departmental approval required prior to enrolling)

NOTES:

  1. BIO260H1 is recommended.
  2. Students may not use more than 1.0 credit of BCH372Y1/​ BCH374Y1/​ BCH472Y1/​ BCH473Y1 to fulfill program requirements. Additional BCH research project courses can be taken as part of the 20.0 credits needed for your degree.
  3. CHM220H1 is highly recommended for students who are interested in pursuing studies in the physical aspects of biochemistry such as structural biology and molecular biophysics.

Biochemistry Major (Science Program) - ASMAJ1762

Enrolment Requirements:

This is a limited enrolment program. Students must have completed a minimum of 4.0 credits and meet the requirements listed below to apply for enrolment.

Variable Minimum Grade Average
A minimum grade average is required for admission and this average varies each year based on the number of applicants and available spaces. The following courses or their equivalents must be completed:

To support student success, applicants with a final grade below 60%, or an average below 70% in the required courses, will not be considered for admission. Please note that meeting the minimum final grade or grade average does not guarantee admission to the program. The competitiveness of grades vary each year and while it is difficult to predict, based on previous years, competitive course marks and averages are typically in the mid 70s. The numeric final mark in each of the required courses may also be used determine eligibility for admission into the program.

Applicants who do not have numerical grades in one or more of the specified prerequisites, or are applying in their second or later years, may be considered based on their entire academic record and the availability of space in the program. In addition to applying through ACORN, students applying in their second year or later are asked to please contact the department directly at biochemistry.undergrad@utoronto.ca, specify which program you would like to be considered for, and provide your student number.

Please note, the Biochemistry Major cannot be combined with the:

  • Immunology Specialist
  • Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Specialist
  • Chemistry Specialist
  • Biological Chemistry Specialist
Completion Requirements:

(8.0 credits, including 1.0 credit at the 400-level)

First Year:

  1. BIO120H1, BIO130H1
  2. ( CHM135H1, CHM136H1)/ CHM151Y1
  3. ( MAT130H1/​ MAT135H1, MAT136H1)/ ( MAT148H1, MAT149H1/​ MAT137Y1)/ ( MAT158H1, MAT159H/ MAT157Y1) 

Second Year:

  1. BCH210H1
  2. BIO230H1/​ BIO255H1
  3. CHM247H1/​ CHM249H1

Third Year:

  1. BCH311H1
  2. BCH370H1
  3. CHM217H1/​ CHM220H1/​ BCH340H1
  4. 1.0 credit from BIO220H1/​ one of BIO260H1 or HMB265H1/​ JPM300H1 or a biochemistry research project course: BCH372Y1/​ BCH374Y1/​ BCH472Y1/​ BCH473Y1 (See NOTE). The department is also open to the use of 300-level lecture-based course(s) in CHM/ CSB/ EEB/ HMB/ IMM/ LMP/ MGY/ PCL/ PSL. Students must first seek approval from the department prior to enrolling in any lecture-based 300-level course(s) not listed.

Fourth Year:

1.0 credit from: BCH422H1, BCH425H1, BCH426H1, BCH428H1, BCH440H1, BCH444H1, BCH445H1, BCH446H1, BCH448H1, BCH449H1, BCH479H1, CHM447H1, MGY441H1

NOTE: Students may count up to 1.0 credits from a biochemistry research project course taken in 3rd or 4th year to fulfill the program requirements. Additional BCH research project courses can be taken as part of the 20.0 credits needed for your degree, but cannot be counted towards the program completion.


Biochemistry Courses

BCH210H1 - Biochemistry I: Proteins, Lipids and Metabolism

Hours: 36L/24T

This introductory course in biochemistry will cover the fundamentals of proteins, enzymes, biological membranes and the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids for energy production. This course is intended for students who are NOT taking BCH242Y1 as part of their program.

Prerequisite: Successful completion of ( CHM135H1, CHM136H1)/ CHM151Y1 NOTE: CHM1** with COURSE EXCLUSION TO CHM135H1 AND CHM136H1 meet the Prerequisite requirement for BCH210H1. Students with a SDF in CHM135H1/ CHM136H1 are not permitted to enrol in BCH210H1 until a final passing grade (50%) appears on the transcript. UTM students who have completed CHM110H5 (exclusion to CHM135H1) & CHM242H5 (exclusion to CHM136H1) will be permitted to enrol in BCH210H1. UTSC students who have completed CHMA11H3 (exclusion to CHM135H1) & CHMB41H3 (exclusion to CHM136H1) will be permitted to enrol in BCH210H1.
Exclusion: BCH242Y1, [ CHM361H5(UTM) and CHM362H5(UTM)], [ BIOC12H3(UTSC) and BIOC13H3(UTSC)], CHMB62H3(UTSC)
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)

BCH242Y1 - Introduction to Biochemistry

Hours: 64L/12T/18P

This introductory course in biochemistry will serve as the foundation for upper-level BCH courses taken by students specializing in biochemistry and related specialist programs. The major topics include protein structure, enzyme mechanisms and function, gene expression, lipid and membrane structure and function, and the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids for energy production. Laboratory techniques will also be introduced to understand the role of biochemistry for research. Please note that there are five laboratories accompanying this course. (Lab fees: approximately $11)

Prerequisite: ( CHM135H1, CHM136H1)/ CHM151Y1
Exclusion: BCH210H1 and BCH311H1, [ CHM361H5 (UTM) and CHM362H5 (UTM)], [ BIOC12H3 (UTSC) and BIOC13H3 (UTSC)], CHMB62H3 (UTSC)
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4), The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)

BCH299Y1 - Research Opportunity Program

Credit course for supervised participation in faculty research project. Details at https://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/academics/research-opportunities/research-opportunities-program. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

BCH299H1 - Research Opportunity Program

Credit course for supervised participation in faculty research project. Details at https://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/academics/research-opportunities/research-opportunities-program. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

JPM300H1 - Research Readiness and Advancing Biomedical Discoveries

Hours: 12L/24T

Explore how scientists leverage their knowledge and skills to advance academic biomedical discoveries from the laboratory to improve patient health through either commercialization or not-for-profit approaches. Students will learn about innovation and develop key research and industry skills including intellectual property, ethics, budget and project management; learn how to critically evaluate scientific evidence and effectively communicate to a wide audience. This hybrid student-centered course will include interactive online modules and in-class group work. Course work will focus on developing skills and knowledge to help you be successful in diverse research courses and future careers. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: Completion of 9.0 credits, BCH210H1/ BCH242Y1/ [ CHM361H5(UTM) and CHM362H5(UTM)]/ [ BIOC12H3(UTSC) and BIOC13H3(UTSC)]/ CHMB62H3(UTSC)
Recommended Preparation: PSL300H1, PSL301H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH311H1 - Biochemistry II: Nucleic Acids and Biological Information Flow

Hours: 24L/12T

Nucleic acids and flow of information in biological systems. Information storage and transmission by nucleic acids, as well as new molecular technologies will be discussed. Registration in one of the tutorial sessions is mandatory. Note: Students that have a SDF in BCH210H1 are not permitted to enrol in BCH311H1 until a final passing grade (50%) appears on the transcript. BCH2** WITH COURSE EXCLUSION TO BCH210H1 meets the prerequisite requirement for BCH311H1.

Prerequisite: BCH210H1/( BIOC12H3 and BIOC13H3 [UTSC])
Exclusion: MGY311Y1, PSL350H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH340H1 - Proteins: From Structure to Function

Hours: 24L/6T

Proteins are the main functional units in the cell. In this course, a detailed overview of protein structure and function will be given with strong emphasis on the basic principles in the field. Students will be introduced to folded and intrinsically disordered proteins. Biophysical methods to study protein stability and folding will be discussed, as well as experimental approaches to determine protein structure and function. Students will be introduced to catalysis, kinetics, and the mechanisms that regulate enzyme activity. Finally, proteomic methods to studying protein networks in cells will be presented. The course will offer a solid basis in protein biochemistry. It is recommended for those interested in pursuing graduate studies or professional degrees in health or medicine.

Prerequisite: BCH210H1/ BCH242Y1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH370H1 - Laboratory Course in Biochemical Techniques

Hours: 24L/48P

This course is designed to provide hands-on experience at an introductory level, employing a variety of biochemical techniques commonly used in research and clinical diagnostic laboratories. This course is intended for students who are not proceeding further in biochemistry. It is highly recommended that students take this course in their third year as space is limited and priority will go to third-year students. This course will be offered in the FALL & WINTER terms. Attendance in the first week of class is mandatory in order to receive safety information and laboratory protocols. (Enrolment limited.) (Lab fees: approximately $44)

Prerequisite: BCH210H1
Exclusion: BCH377H1, CHM379H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH372Y1 - Summer Research in Biochemistry

Hours: 144P

This course provides opportunities to pursue an original individual research project in a particular area of biochemistry, under the direct supervision of a Biochemistry Department faculty member. Students are responsible for arranging for supervision by a Biochemistry Department faculty member. To apply for enrolment, students are required to complete the application form by contacting the Course Coordinator by the end of April. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: A final grade of 75% or higher in BCH242Y1.
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH373H1 - Independent Research Project

Hours: 72P

This course provides an opportunity for individual research with a specific topic of study. Students are mentored and supervised by research scientists and faculty associated with the University of Toronto. It provides students an opportunity to enhance and apply their knowledge and understanding learned in other courses. Direct supervision must be provided by a faculty member within the Department of Biochemistry. Not eligible for the CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: (75% or higher in BCH242Y1)/(80% or higher in BCH210H1); BIO230H1; CHM247H1/ CHM249H1; and approval of the course coordinator.
Corequisite: BCH375H1 can be combined with BCH373H1.
Exclusion: BCH473Y1, BCH374Y1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH374Y1 - Research Project in Biochemistry

Hours: 144P

This course provides opportunities to pursue an original individual research project in a particular area of biochemistry, under the direct supervision of a Biochemistry Department faculty member. Students are responsible for arranging for supervision by a Biochemistry Department faculty member. To apply for enrolment, students are required to complete the application form by contacting the Course Coordinator before the end of August. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: For Specialist: BCH242Y1 (75% or higher); BIO230H1; CHM247H1/ CHM249H1. For Major: BCH210H1 (80% or higher); BIO230H1; CHM247H1/ CHM249H1.
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH375H1 - Independent Research Project

Hours: 72P

This course provides an opportunity for individual research with a specific topic of study. Students are mentored and supervised by research scientists and faculty associated with the University of Toronto. It provides students an opportunity to enhance and apply their knowledge and understanding learned in other courses. Direct supervision must be provided by a faculty member within the Department of Biochemistry. Not eligible for the CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: (75% or higher in BCH242Y1)/(80% or higher in BCH210H1); BIO230H1; CHM247H1/ CHM249H1; and approval of the course coordinator.
Corequisite: BCH375H1 can be combined with BCH373H1.
Exclusion: BCH473Y1, BCH374Y1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH377H1 - Biochemistry Laboratory I

Hours: 24L/48P

An introduction to fundamental laboratory techniques in modern biochemistry. Experiments illustrate and develop the concepts described in lecture courses and serve as a foundation for more advanced training in biochemistry laboratory courses. Enrolment in this course is generally restricted to students enrolled in the Biochemistry, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology (Genetics Stream) Specialist programs. (Lab fees: approximately $28)

Prerequisite: BCH242Y1
Exclusion: BCH370H1, CHM379H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

BCH378H1 - Biochemistry Laboratory II

Hours: 12L/48P

This course builds upon the fundamental laboratory techniques acquired in BCH377H1. Students gain hands-on experience in experimental design and data analysis, exploring numerous modern and classic biochemistry and molecular biology experimental techniques used in research laboratories. Enrolment in this course is generally restricted to students enrolled in the Biochemistry Specialist program.

Prerequisite: BCH377H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH399H1 - Research Opportunity Program

Credit course for supervised participation in faculty research project. Details at https://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/academics/research-opportunities/research-opportunities-program. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

BCH399Y1 - Research Opportunity Program

Credit course for supervised participation in faculty research project. Details at https://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/academics/research-opportunities/research-opportunities-program. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

JPM400Y1 - Biomedical Incubator Capstone Project

Hours: 240P/16S

Discover what it is like to be part of a biomedical innovation team. Develop and engage in biomedical research in a simulated small business/incubator setting under the guidance of a faculty mentor. Bring your proposed JPM300H1 project to life, while acquiring budget management, research, business and communication workplace skills for future careers. Enrolment is application-based. Application requirements and process are presented as part of the JPM300H1 course. Proposals will be reviewed by committee and successful proposals will be matched to a mentor. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Application required; contact department (undergrad.pharmtox@utoronto.ca) for more information.


Students will form teams and develop a research proposal based on either:

1. Faculty led concept requiring further development and testing, which would not normally be funded grants and would be tangential to ongoing research in the lab.

2. Student developed innovative idea that requires further development and testing. This should be a project that is not being investigated in a UofT research lab.

Prerequisite: A minimum of 75% in JPM300H1; completion of any of PCL367H1/ PCL368H1/ PSL372H1/ BCH370H1/ BCH377H1 or Permission of the Department.
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH422H1 - Membrane Proteins: Structure, and Function

Hours: 24L

Structural features of membrane proteins, their biogenesis and methods of analysis. Function of membrane proteins as transporters, channels, pumps and receptors. Molecular aspects of disease processes linked to membrane proteins.

Prerequisite: BCH210H1/ BCH242Y1; BCH311H1/ MGY311Y1/ PSL350H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH425H1 - Structural Biology: Principles and Practice

Hours: 24L

Theory of modern biophysical techniques as applied to the study of the structure and function of macromolecules; emphasis on X-ray crystallography, electron cryomicroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and other spectroscopic methods.

Prerequisite: BCH210H1/ BCH242Y1. This is a problem-solving course and will require use of skills from introductory physics, math, and/or chemistry courses.
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH426H1 - Regulation of Signalling Pathways

Hours: 24L

This course is focused on the molecular aspects of signal transduction, covering how cells receive and then transmit signals via intracellular proteins such as kinases and phosphatase and how this ultimately regulates cell function. Specific topics covered include regulation and signalling by extracellular ligands including morphogens, growth factors and/or insulin, how signalling pathway crosstalk modulates cell function and low and high throughput methodological approaches used to elucidate signalling mechanisms.

Prerequisite: BCH210H1/ BCH242Y1; BCH311H1/ MGY311Y1/ PSL350H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH428H1 - Genomics of Microbial Communities in Human Health and Beyond

Hours: 24L/12P

There is a growing appreciation that microbes do not operate in isolation but form parts of larger populations and communities (microbiomes) with unique considerations for human health. Combining lectures, small group discussions, and a computer lab component, this course will cover how genomics can be applied to analyze microbial communities and the transformative discoveries that continue to result.

Prerequisite: BCH210H1/ BCH242Y1; BCH311H1/ MGY311Y1/ CSB349H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH440H1 - Protein Homeostasis

Hours: 24L

Protein homeostasis is dependent on the coordinated synthesis, folding, localization and degradation of the thousands of proteins in a living cell. This course deals with selected aspects of the process with emphasis on: i) protein folding and the role of chaperones, ii) protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system, iii) protein folding and quality control in the ER and iv) ER-associated degradation and the unfolded protein response. The course will serve as a foundation for those with an interest in how cellular protein levels and conformations are maintained.

Prerequisite: BCH210H1/ BCH242Y1; BCH311H1/ MGY311Y1/ PSL350H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH444H1 - Protein Trafficking in the Secretory & Endocytic Pathways

Hours: 24L

This course examines the molecular details of the secretory and endocytic pathways in the cell. Some of the specific topics covered will include protein translocation into the ER, chaperones and protein folding in the ER, retrotranslocation and protein degradation, the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), vesicle biogenesis and ER-Golgi transport, regulated secretion, basic concepts in endocytosis and protein sorting in polarized cells. Emphasis is placed on current experimental approaches. A good understanding of basic biochemical methods is an asset.

Prerequisite: BCH210H1/ BCH242Y1; BCH311H1 (75% or higher)/ MGY311Y1 (75% or higher)/ PSL350H1 (75% or higher).
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH445H1 - Organelles in Cell Function and Death

Hours: 24L

Advanced principles and concepts of cell biology are covered, including the structure, life cycle, and dynamic behavior of cell organelles. The cellular processes regulated by organelles, including the life and death of the cell and cellular communication, are highlighted. The course will also cover techniques and technologies that have advanced studies of the cell.

Prerequisite: ( BCH210H1/ BCH242Y1), ( BIO230H1/ BIO255H1), ( BCH311H1/ MGY311Y1/ PSL350H1)
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH446H1 - Membrane Dynamics of the Cell Surface

Hours: 24L

This course covers the principles and concepts related to molecular cell biology of the cell surface in multicellular organisms. Topics include: biophysical properties of cells, membranes, and extracellular matrix, dynamic remodelling of the cytoskeleton; cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions; maintenance of planar and apical-basal cell polarity; cytokinesis, viral uptake by macropinocytosis and engulfment by phagocytosis. In addition to lectures, groups of students will interpret a recent scientific paper related to the course material to be formally presented during regular class hours.

Prerequisite: BCH210H1/ BCH242Y1; BCH311H1/ MGY311Y1/ PSL350H1.
Exclusion: CSB331H1, CSB428H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH448H1 - Structure and Function of the Nucleus

Hours: 24L

This course examines the structure and function of the cell nucleus and the genome through the lens of biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology and evolution. A focus is placed on the major scientific developments that shaped our current understanding. Topics that will be covered are eukaryogenesis, junk DNA, the structure of DNA and chromatin, the transfer of information between genotype and phenotype, the filtering of information found in the genome into biologically relevant molecules such as mRNA, the processing and export of these products from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, and the translation of mRNA into protein. We will also investigate how various organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, played a role in the evolution of the nucleus. Finally we will investigate how biological information is partitioned during mitosis.

Prerequisite: BCH210H1/ BCH242Y1; BCH311H1/ MGY311Y1/ PSL350H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH449H1 - Medical Biochemistry

Hours: 24L/12T

This course will apply core biochemical principles to explain the pathogenesis of emerging diseases at the molecular level and describe advanced biochemical technologies used to understand and treat these illnesses. Students will be exposed to how biochemical principles influence medical diagnoses, therapy and the development of new drugs.

Prerequisite: BCH242Y1/( BCH210H1, BCH311H1), BIO230H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH450H1 - Antibiotics and Antibiotic Targets

Previous Course Number: BCH350H1

Hours: 24L/12T

This course will cover the action of the biochemical targets of the existing antibiotics (nucleotide-, RNA-, DNA-, protein- and cell wall synthesis, the manner in which these pathways are inhibited in antimicrobial therapy and the biochemical basis of antibiotic resistance. The biochemistry and origin of naturally occurring and synthetic antibiotics will be introduced. (Enrolment limited.)

Prerequisite: BCH242Y1/( BCH210H1, BCH311H1)
Exclusion: BCH350H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH470H1 - Independent Research Project

Hours: 144P

This course provides an opportunity for individual research with a specific topic of study. Students are mentored and supervised by research scientists and faculty associated with the University of Toronto. It provides students an opportunity to enhance and apply their knowledge and understanding learned in other courses. Direct supervision must be provided by a faculty member within the Department of Biochemistry. Not eligible for the CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: ( BCH340H1; BCH377H1; BCH378H1; 75% or higher in MGY311Y1)/( BCH370H1; 80% or higher in BCH311H1); and approval of the course coordinator.
Corequisite: BCH478H1
Exclusion: BCH473Y1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH471H1 - Independent Research Project

Hours: 144P

This course provides an opportunity for individual research with a specific topic of study. Students are mentored and supervised by research scientists and faculty associated with the University of Toronto. It provides students an opportunity to enhance and apply their knowledge and understanding learned in other courses. Direct supervision must be provided by a faculty member within the Department of Biochemistry. Not eligible for the CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: ( BCH340H1; BCH377H1; BCH378H1; 75% or higher in MGY311Y1)/( BCH370H1; 80% or higher in BCH311H1); and approval of the course coordinator.
Corequisite: BCH478H1
Exclusion: BCH473Y1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH472Y1 - Advanced Summer Research Project in Biochemistry

Hours: 144P

This course provides opportunities to pursue an original individual research project in a particular area of biochemistry, under the direct supervision of a Biochemistry Department faculty member. Students are responsible for arranging for supervision by a Biochemistry Department faculty member. To apply for enrolment, students are required to complete the application form by contacting the Course Coordinator by the end of April. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: A final grade of 75% or higher in each of BCH340H1; BCH377H1.
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH473Y1 - Advanced Research Project in Biochemistry

Hours: 144P

This course provides opportunities to pursue an original individual research project in a particular area of biochemistry, under the direct supervision of a Biochemistry Department faculty member. Students are responsible for arranging for supervision by a Biochemistry Department faculty member. To apply for enrolment, students are required to complete the application form by contacting the Course Coordinator before the end of August. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.

Prerequisite: For Specialist: BCH340H1; BCH377H1; 75% or higher in MGY311Y1. For Major: BCH370H1; 80% or higher in BCH311H1.
Corequisite: BCH478H1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH478H1 - Advanced Biochemistry Laboratory

Hours: 24L/84P

Experiments extend students’ technical abilities as well as their knowledge and application of practical theory. This course is designed as an advanced successor in a progression of biochemistry laboratory experiences in BCH242Y1 and BCH377H1 that will equip students with a spectrum of practical abilities that are of vital importance in scientific research. (Lab fees: approximately $28)

Prerequisite: BCH340H1, BCH377H1, MGY311Y1
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

BCH479H1 - Advanced Seminar in Biochemistry

Hours: 24S

This seminar course will foster close interactions between students and Faculty and encourage in depth discussion not only of results but the ways the results were presented and the rationales for experimental design. Critical thinking skills will be developed, as will presentation skills, as students become presenters of results and take on the role of scientist presenting and analyzing new findings. Writing skills will be developed through a written assignment. Students within the audience will also have access to the experimental papers and be encouraged to pose thoughtful questions about research and the ways that research can be communicated within the scientific community. This seminar course will foster an appreciation of scientific writing and give students a venue to develop their communication skills. The goal of the seminar course is to improve both the written and oral scientific communication skills and to increase the knowledge of key papers in Biochemistry.

Note: In addition to the required courses listed in the prerequisites, students enrolling in this course need to contact the Department at biochemistry.undergrad@utoronto.ca. 

Prerequisite: For BCH Majors: BCH340H1; BCH370H1 For BCH Specialists: BCH340H1; BCH377H1 Students in the BCH Majors and Specialists need to email the Department as well in order to enrol in this course.
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)

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